(This post originally appeared on Sustainablog on 10/7/11)
I have been posting updates on the most recent, global food price spike since February 2011 - most recently inJune. Today the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) released its most recent data on the prices of food in international trade. As seen in the graph above, the overall index and its various components have declined slightly, but remain at very high levels.
People living in the developed world have seen some food price increases, but because we grow so much of our own food and spend a small part of our income on feeding ourselves, the impact is minor. This has the greatest effect on the lives of poor people in import-dependent countries.
What is actually most unsettling about this phenomenon is that nothing like it has occurred for decades, and yet we are in a second such spike. The first was in 2007/8, and the current spike has been in 2010/11. In this post I want to compare these two spikes.
The graph above compares the two spikes on a month-by-month basis beginning in January of the starting year. What we see is a later and/or slower decline in prices. The earlier spike showed a steep decline after 19 months, while in 2010 the decline is just beginning at 21 months. That is for the aggregate "food index," but a similar broadening of the spike appears to be occurring for the cereals-specific index (see below). Similar trends are seen with the dairy and oils indices.
The most dramatic difference between the 2007-8 and 2010-11 spikes is the path of the meat price index (see graph below). Meat prices in international trade showed only a minor bump in the first spike, but were the most changed category in the current round. The index did drop 3% from August to September which may represent an earlier reversal than in 2008.
It would be best not to over-interpret these trends, but also unwise to ignore them completely. We know that basic food demand is rising between population growth and an increased standard of living in many populous regions of the world. We know that energy prices are high. It will take the benefit of years of hindsight to know whether climate change has been contributing to these unusual price patterns. If the current spike is like the last one, it should be largely corrected by the end of 2011. For now, I plan to update this series in January of 2011 with three more months of data.
Data from FAO, graphs by Steve Savage
You are welcome to comment here or to email me at savage.sd@gmail.com
"This has the greatest effect on the lives of poor people in import-dependent countries." This rings true, but I wonder if there is something subtler at play. I'm not sure how you might do this, but would it be possible to disentangle the level of food importing in poor countries. In other words, did the price spike affect countries that imported a smaller percentage of their food needs more or less?
ReplyDeleteJeremy,
ReplyDeleteHow it works out country-by-country is complex. Some countries that are heavily import-dependent subsidize food staples or buy-up stocks to minimize the spike - sometimes just to prevent unrest. Others are just poor and the people have to absorb the price swings even though it may consume much of their disposable income. Europe is highly dependent on food imports (they import from a growing area the size of all of Germany), but they are wealthy enough that the price still represents a small part of the family income even with the increase. In the US, we are major food exporters and rich, so the impact is relatively small. On average when American's spend a dollar on food consumed at home, 18-20 cents of that goes to the farm level. For meals eaten out that value is only 5 cents. see http://appliedmythology.blogspot.com/2011/03/new-look-at-american-food-dollar.html
The main reason food prices are falling is that there has been no QE3.
ReplyDelete